| Title: | Sparse Discriminant Analysis |
|---|---|
| Description: | Performs sparse linear discriminant analysis for Gaussians and mixture of Gaussian models. |
| Authors: | Line Clemmensen <[email protected]>, contributions by Max Kuhn |
| Maintainer: | Max Kuhn <[email protected]> |
| License: | GPL (>= 2) |
| Version: | 0.1-9 |
| Built: | 2024-09-30 02:48:06 UTC |
| Source: | https://github.com/topepo/sparselda |
Normalize a vector or matrix to zero mean and unit length columns
normalize(X)normalize(X)
X |
a matrix with the training data with observations down the rows and variables in the columns. |
The function can e.g. be used for the training data in sda or smda.
Returns a list with the following attributes:
Xc |
The normalized data. |
mx |
Mean of columns of X. |
vx |
Length of columns of X. |
Id |
Logical vector indicating which variables are included in X. If some of the columns have zero length they are omitted. |
Line Clemmensen
Clemmensen, L., Hastie, T. and Ersboell, K. (2008) "Sparse discriminant analysis", Technical report, IMM, Technical University of Denmark
## Data X<-matrix(sample(seq(3),12,replace=TRUE),nrow=3) ## Normalize data Nm<-normalize(X) print(Nm$Xc) ## See if any variables have been removed which(!Nm$Id)## Data X<-matrix(sample(seq(3),12,replace=TRUE),nrow=3) ## Normalize data Nm<-normalize(X) print(Nm$Xc) ## See if any variables have been removed which(!Nm$Id)
Normalize test data using output from the normalize() of the training data
normalizetest(Xtst,Xn)normalizetest(Xtst,Xn)
Xtst |
a matrix with the test data with observations down the rows and variables in the columns. |
Xn |
List with the output from normalize(Xtr) of the training data. |
The function can e.g. be used to normalize the testing data in sda or smda.
Returns the normalized test data
Xtst |
The normalized data. |
Line Clemmensen
Clemmensen, L., Hastie, T. and Ersboell, K. (2007) "Sparse discriminant analysis", Technical report, IMM, Technical University of Denmark
## Data Xtr<-matrix(sample(seq(3),12,replace=TRUE),nrow=3) Xtst<-matrix(sample(seq(3),12,replace=TRUE),nrow=3) ## Normalize training data Nm<-normalize(Xtr) ## Normalize test data Xtst<-normalizetest(Xtst,Nm)## Data Xtr<-matrix(sample(seq(3),12,replace=TRUE),nrow=3) Xtst<-matrix(sample(seq(3),12,replace=TRUE),nrow=3) ## Normalize training data Nm<-normalize(Xtr) ## Normalize test data Xtst<-normalizetest(Xtst,Nm)
The data set penicilliumYES has 36 rows and 3754 columns. The variables are
1st order statistics from multi-spectral images of three species of Penicillium fungi:
Melanoconidium, Polonicum, and Venetum.
These are the data used in the Clemmemsen et al "Sparse Discriminant Analysis" paper.
data(penicilliumYES)data(penicilliumYES)
This data set contains the following matrices:
A matrix with 36 columns and 3754 rows. The training and test data. The first 12 rows are P. Melanoconidium species, rows 13-24 are P. Polonicum species, and the last 12 rows are P. Venetum species. The samples are ordered so that each pair of three is from the same isolate.
A matrix of dummy variables for the training data.
Z matrix of probabilities for the subcalsses of the training data.
The X matrix is not normalized.
Clemmensen, Hansen, Frisvad, Ersboell (2007) "A method for comparison of growth media in objective identification of Penicillium based on multi-spectral imaging" Journal of Microbiological Methods
Prediction functions for link{sda} and link{smda}.
## S3 method for class 'sda' predict(object, newdata = NULL, ...) ## S3 method for class 'smda' predict(object, newdata = NULL, ...)## S3 method for class 'sda' predict(object, newdata = NULL, ...) ## S3 method for class 'smda' predict(object, newdata = NULL, ...)
object |
an object of class |
newdata |
a matrix or data frame of predictors |
... |
arguments passed to |
The current implementation for mixture discriminant models current predicts the subclass probabilities.
A list with components:
class |
The classification (a factor) |
posterior |
posterior probabilities for the classes (or subclasses for |
x |
the scores |
Performs sparse linear discriminant analysis. Using an alternating minimization algorithm to minimize the SDA criterion.
sda(x, ...) ## Default S3 method: sda(x, y, lambda = 1e-6, stop = -p, maxIte = 100, Q = K-1, trace = FALSE, tol = 1e-6, ...)sda(x, ...) ## Default S3 method: sda(x, y, lambda = 1e-6, stop = -p, maxIte = 100, Q = K-1, trace = FALSE, tol = 1e-6, ...)
x |
A matrix of the training data with observations down the rows and variables in the columns. |
y |
A matrix initializing the dummy variables representing the groups. |
lambda |
The weight on the L2-norm for elastic net regression. Default: 1e-6. |
stop |
If STOP is negative, its absolute value corresponds to the desired number of variables. If STOP is positive, it corresponds to an upper bound on the L1-norm of the b coefficients. There is a one to one correspondence between stop and t. The default is -p (-the number of variables). |
maxIte |
Maximum number of iterations. Default: 100. |
Q |
Number of components. Maximum and default is K-1 (the number of classes less one). |
trace |
If TRUE, prints out its progress. Default: FALSE. |
tol |
Tolerance for the stopping criterion (change in RSS). Default is 1e-6. |
... |
additional arguments |
The function finds sparse directions for linear classification.
Returns a list with the following attributes:
beta |
The loadings of the sparse discriminative directions. |
theta |
The optimal scores. |
rss |
A vector of the Residual Sum of Squares at each iteration. |
varNames |
Names on included variables |
.
Line Clemmensen, modified by Trevor Hastie
Clemmensen, L., Hastie, T. Witten, D. and Ersboell, K. (2011) "Sparse discriminant analysis", Technometrics, To appear.
normalize, normalizetest, smda
## load data data(penicilliumYES) X <- penicilliumYES$X Y <- penicilliumYES$Y colnames(Y) <- c("P. Melanoconidium", "P. Polonicum", "P. Venetum") ## test samples Iout<-c(3,6,9,12) Iout<-c(Iout,Iout+12,Iout+24) ## training data Xtr<-X[-Iout,] k<-3 n<-dim(Xtr)[1] ## Normalize data Xc<-normalize(Xtr) Xn<-Xc$Xc p<-dim(Xn)[2] ## Perform SDA with one non-zero loading for each discriminative ## direction with Y as matrix input out <- sda(Xn, Y, lambda = 1e-6, stop = -1, maxIte = 25, trace = TRUE) ## predict training samples train <- predict(out, Xn) ## testing Xtst<-X[Iout,] Xtst<-normalizetest(Xtst,Xc) test <- predict(out, Xtst) print(test$class) ## Factor Y as input Yvec <- factor(rep(colnames(Y), each = 8)) out2 <- sda(Xn, Yvec, lambda = 1e-6, stop = -1, maxIte = 25, trace = TRUE)## load data data(penicilliumYES) X <- penicilliumYES$X Y <- penicilliumYES$Y colnames(Y) <- c("P. Melanoconidium", "P. Polonicum", "P. Venetum") ## test samples Iout<-c(3,6,9,12) Iout<-c(Iout,Iout+12,Iout+24) ## training data Xtr<-X[-Iout,] k<-3 n<-dim(Xtr)[1] ## Normalize data Xc<-normalize(Xtr) Xn<-Xc$Xc p<-dim(Xn)[2] ## Perform SDA with one non-zero loading for each discriminative ## direction with Y as matrix input out <- sda(Xn, Y, lambda = 1e-6, stop = -1, maxIte = 25, trace = TRUE) ## predict training samples train <- predict(out, Xn) ## testing Xtst<-X[Iout,] Xtst<-normalizetest(Xtst,Xc) test <- predict(out, Xtst) print(test$class) ## Factor Y as input Yvec <- factor(rep(colnames(Y), each = 8)) out2 <- sda(Xn, Yvec, lambda = 1e-6, stop = -1, maxIte = 25, trace = TRUE)
Performs sparse linear discriminant analysis for mixture of gaussians models.
smda(x, ...) ## Default S3 method: smda(x, y, Z = NULL, Rj = NULL, lambda = 1e-6, stop, maxIte = 50, Q=R-1, trace = FALSE, tol = 1e-4, ...)smda(x, ...) ## Default S3 method: smda(x, y, Z = NULL, Rj = NULL, lambda = 1e-6, stop, maxIte = 50, Q=R-1, trace = FALSE, tol = 1e-4, ...)
x |
A matrix of the training data with observations down the rows and variables in the columns. |
y |
A matrix initializing the dummy variables representing the groups. |
Z |
Am optional matrix initializing the probabilities representing the groups. |
Rj |
K length vector containing the number of subclasses in each of the K classes. |
lambda |
The weight on the L2-norm for elastic net regression. Default: 1e-6. |
stop |
If STOP is negative, its absolute value corresponds to the desired number of variables. If STOP is positive, it corresponds to an upper bound on the L1-norm of the b coefficients. There is a one to one correspondence between stop and t. |
maxIte |
Maximum number of iterations. Default: 50. |
Q |
The number of components to include. Maximum and default is R-1 (total number of subclasses less one). |
trace |
If TRUE, prints out its progress. Default: FALSE. |
tol |
Tolerance for the stopping criterion (change in RSS). Default: 1e-4 |
... |
additional arguments |
The function finds sparse directions for linear classification of mixture og gaussians models.
Returns a list with the following attributes:
call |
The call |
beta |
The loadings of the sparse discriminative directions. |
theta |
The optimal scores. |
Z |
Updated subclass probabilities. |
Rj |
a vector of the number of ssubclasses per class |
rss |
A vector of the Residual Sum of Squares at each iteration. |
Line Clemmensen
Clemmensen, L., Hastie, T., Witten, D. and Ersboell, K. (2007) "Sparse discriminant analysis", Technometrics, To appear.
# load data data(penicilliumYES) X <- penicilliumYES$X Y <- penicilliumYES$Y Z <- penicilliumYES$Z ## test samples Iout <- c(3, 6, 9, 12) Iout <- c(Iout, Iout+12, Iout+24) ## training data Xtr <- X[-Iout,] k <- 3 n <- dim(Xtr)[1] Rj <- rep(4, 3) ## Normalize data Xc <- normalize(Xtr) Xn <- Xc$Xc p <- dim(Xn)[2] ## perform SMDA with one non-zero loading for each discriminative ## direction ## Not run: smdaFit <- smda(x = Xn, y = Y, Z = Z, Rj = Rj, lambda = 1e-6, stop = -5, maxIte = 10, tol = 1e-2) # testing Xtst <- X[Iout,] Xtst <- normalizetest(Xtst, Xc) test <- predict(smdaFit, Xtst) ## End(Not run)# load data data(penicilliumYES) X <- penicilliumYES$X Y <- penicilliumYES$Y Z <- penicilliumYES$Z ## test samples Iout <- c(3, 6, 9, 12) Iout <- c(Iout, Iout+12, Iout+24) ## training data Xtr <- X[-Iout,] k <- 3 n <- dim(Xtr)[1] Rj <- rep(4, 3) ## Normalize data Xc <- normalize(Xtr) Xn <- Xc$Xc p <- dim(Xn)[2] ## perform SMDA with one non-zero loading for each discriminative ## direction ## Not run: smdaFit <- smda(x = Xn, y = Y, Z = Z, Rj = Rj, lambda = 1e-6, stop = -5, maxIte = 10, tol = 1e-2) # testing Xtst <- X[Iout,] Xtst <- normalizetest(Xtst, Xc) test <- predict(smdaFit, Xtst) ## End(Not run)